Source: Law & Liberty
by G Patrick Lynch
“Economist Anthony Downs formulated the most famous attempt to model individual-level decision-making when it comes to election participation. He sought to explain why scores of individuals eligible to participate in a representative government choose not to do so. His thinking was based on a relatively simple cost-benefit analysis of the choice. What are the costs to participate — the time spent studying politics to determine for which candidate to vote, along with the time spent going to the polling facility, waiting in line, and then continuing with one’s day. This time investment was compared with the ‘benefits’ one would receive if her preferred candidate won the election. But Downs added an interesting twist; he factored in the probability that an individual voter was pivotal and cast the deciding vote in an election.” (10/16/24)
https://lawliberty.org/forum/sending-a-message-without-a-vote/